Overview
The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of 27 member states located primarily in Europe. Founded through a series of treaties beginning with the Treaty of Rome in 1957, the EU has evolved into a unique supranational organization that combines intergovernmental and supranational elements.
The EU operates through a system of supranational institutions and intergovernmental-negotiated decisions by member states. Key principles include the rule of law, democracy, equality, human rights, and the promotion of peace and well-being of its peoples.
Key Statistics
Population
Approximately 450 million people across 27 member states, making it the third-largest population in the world after China and India.
Economy
Combined GDP of approximately €18 trillion, representing about 15% of global GDP and making it one of the world's largest economies.
Single Market
The world's largest single market, allowing free movement of goods, services, capital, and people across member states.
Currency
The Euro (€) is used by 21 of the 27 member states, making it the second-most traded currency globally after the US Dollar.
EU Institutions
European Commission
The executive branch of the EU, responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, upholding EU treaties, and managing day-to-day business.
European Parliament
The directly elected legislative body representing EU citizens. It shares legislative power with the Council of the EU and has budgetary authority.
Council of the European Union
Represents the governments of member states. It shares legislative and budgetary power with the European Parliament.
European Council
Comprises the heads of state or government of member states, along with the President of the European Council and the President of the European Commission.
Court of Justice of the EU
Ensures EU law is interpreted and applied uniformly across all member states, settling legal disputes between member states and EU institutions.
European Central Bank
Manages the Euro and monetary policy for the Eurozone, maintaining price stability and supporting economic growth.
Key Policies and Initiatives
Green Deal
The EU's strategy to become climate-neutral by 2050, transforming the economy for a sustainable future through clean energy, sustainable transport, and circular economy.
Digital Single Market
Strategy to ensure people and businesses can seamlessly access and exercise online activities under conditions of fair competition and high consumer protection.
Common Agricultural Policy
Supports farmers and ensures food security while promoting sustainable farming practices and rural development across the EU.
Cohesion Policy
The EU's main investment policy, targeting all regions and cities to support job creation, business competitiveness, economic growth, and improved quality of life.