AU flag
Continental Overview

The African Union

Established in 2002 as the successor to the Organisation of African Unity, the African Union represents 55 member states and 1.4 billion people. Guided by Agenda 2063, it is building an integrated, prosperous, and peaceful Africa driven by its own citizens.

55Member States
1.4BPopulation
$3.1TCombined GDP
2002AU Established
Background

From OAU to AU

The Organisation of African Unity was founded in 1963 in Addis Ababa, with the primary goal of ending colonialism and supporting newly independent African states. It achieved landmark successes in decolonisation but was often criticised for its non-interference doctrine, which limited responses to human rights abuses.

In 2002, the AU replaced the OAU with a much more ambitious mandate: promoting democracy, human rights, development, and the peaceful resolution of conflicts. The AU's Constitutive Act even allows intervention in member states in cases of genocide, war crimes, or crimes against humanity.

The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), launched in 2019 and entering force in 2021, represents the AU's most consequential achievement — creating the world's largest free trade area by number of countries.

Institutions

AU Architecture

🏛️ AU Assembly

The supreme decision-making body, comprising heads of state and government. Meets bi-annually to set continental direction.

📋 AU Commission

The secretariat of the AU, implementing Assembly decisions and managing day-to-day operations from Addis Ababa.

🕊️ Peace & Security Council

The operational decision-making body for conflict prevention, peacemaking, and peacekeeping operations across the continent.

🌐 Pan-African Parliament

The legislative body representing all 55 member states, working toward a fully elected continental parliament with binding legislative powers.

Vision

Agenda 2063

The AU's 50-year blueprint for an integrated, prosperous, and peaceful Africa — adopted unanimously in 2013. Seven Aspirations define the vision.

01

Prosperous Africa

High standards of living, quality of life, and well-being for all African citizens through inclusive growth.

02

Integrated Continent

A politically united Africa, built on the ideals of Pan-Africanism and realised through the AfCFTA and free movement.

03

Good Governance

An Africa of good governance, democracy, respect for human rights, justice, and the rule of law.

04

Peaceful Africa

A peaceful and secure continent, with all instruments of conflict prevention and resolution functioning effectively.

05

Strong Cultural Identity

An Africa with a strong cultural identity, shared heritage, values, and ethics.

06

Africa as Global Partner

An Africa whose development is people-driven and reliant on the potential of African people and youth.

Sub-Regional Bodies

Regional Economic Communities

The AU recognises eight RECs as the building blocks of continental integration.

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ECOWAS

West Africa — 15 member states

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EAC

East Africa — 8 member states

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SADC

Southern Africa — 16 member states

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COMESA

Eastern & Southern — 21 member states

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CEN-SAD

Sahel-Sahara — 29 member states

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IGAD

East Africa — 8 member states

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ECCAS

Central Africa — 11 member states

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AMU

North Africa — 5 member states

See how the AU's continental vision intersects with EU strategy in the EU–AU Partnership section →