The European Union
Founded in the aftermath of World War II, the EU is a unique political and economic partnership that has transformed a continent of rivals into a community of shared prosperity and democratic values.
Founded in the aftermath of World War II, the EU is a unique political and economic partnership that has transformed a continent of rivals into a community of shared prosperity and democratic values.
The European project began with the 1951 Treaty of Paris, which created the European Coal and Steel Community among six founding nations: France, West Germany, Italy, Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands. This pragmatic first step — placing war-making industries under joint control — laid the groundwork for lasting peace.
The 1957 Treaty of Rome established the European Economic Community, creating a common market. Over subsequent decades, the project deepened and widened, culminating in the 1993 Maastricht Treaty, which formally created the European Union and introduced European citizenship.
Today, the EU has 27 member states following the United Kingdom's departure in 2020, with several more in accession negotiations.
The executive body of the EU. Proposes legislation, implements decisions, and is the guardian of EU treaties. Led by a President and 26 Commissioners.
The directly elected legislative body with 720 MEPs. Shares legislative power with the Council and has budgetary authority.
Represents the governments of member states. Together with Parliament, passes EU laws and coordinates policy.
Ensures EU law is interpreted and applied uniformly across all member states. Its rulings take precedence over national law.
The EU legislates, funds, and coordinates across a wide range of domains affecting daily life and global affairs.
The flagship climate strategy targeting net-zero by 2050, including the Fit for 55 package, carbon border tax, and renewable energy targets.
Harmonising digital regulation through GDPR, the AI Act, the Digital Services Act, and investment in European data infrastructure.
Developing strategic autonomy through the CSDP, PESCO defence cooperation, and the EU's emerging role in conflict prevention.
The EU's €300 billion investment strategy for global connectivity, infrastructure, and development — including major commitments to Africa.
Post-COVID health sovereignty initiative including HERA (Health Emergency Response Authority) and European vaccine manufacturing support.
The euro area, fiscal rules, the European Stability Mechanism, and the Recovery and Resilience Facility post-pandemic fund.
Explore how the EU engages with the African Union through the EU–AU Partnership framework →